NETHERLANDS

The Netherlands is a country in Northwestern Europe bordered by Germany and Belgium, with coastline along the North Sea, and administers several island territories in the Caribbean. Roughly a third of its territory lies below sea level, a geographic reality that has driven centuries of sophisticated water management engineering, including an extensive system of dikes, pumping stations, and reclaimed land known as polders. It was one of the world’s dominant maritime and commercial powers in the 17th century, a period referred to as the Dutch Golden Age, during which it established a global trading network and produced some of the most significant artistic and scientific contributions of the era.

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