SPAIN

Spain occupies the majority of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, bordered by Portugal, France, and Andorra, with coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and administers the Canary Islands off the northwestern coast of Africa and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean. It was one of the dominant global powers of the 16th and 17th centuries, establishing a colonial empire across the Americas, Asia, and Africa whose political and cultural legacy continues to shape dozens of modern nations.

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